Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2)
Epidemiologic studies suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with risk of endometrial cancer (EC), the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. Furthermore, coffee consumption may lower circulating concentrations of estrogen and insulin, hormones implicated in endometrial carcinogenesis. Antioxidants and other chemopreventive compounds in coffee may have anticarcinogenic effects. Based on available meta-analyses, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) concluded that consumption of coffee probably protects against EC. Our main aim was to examine the association between coffee consumption and EC risk by combining individual-level data in a pooled analysis. We also sought to evaluate potential effect modification by other risk factors for EC. We combined individual-level data from 19 epidemiologic studies (6 cohort, 13 case-control) of 12,159 EC cases and 27,479 controls from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and their corresponding 95% CIs. All models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, race, BMI, smoking status, diabetes status, study design, and study site. Coffee drinkers had a lower risk of EC than non-coffee drinkers (multiadjusted OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.95). There was a dose-response relation between higher coffee consumption and lower risk of EC: compared with non-coffee drinkers, the adjusted pooled ORs for those who drank 1, 2-3, and >4 cups/d were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.00), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.95), and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.87), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). The inverse association between coffee consumption and EC risk was stronger in participants with BMI > 25 kg/m The results of the largest analysis to date pooling individual-level data further support the potentially beneficial health effects of coffee consumption in relation to EC, especially among females with higher BMI.
Institutions
Institut Dinvestigaci Biomdica De BellvitgeMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCentre International De Recherche Sur Le CancerMaastricht UniversityVanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterDivision Of Cancer Epidemiology And GeneticsMrc Epidemiology UnitQimr Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHuntsman Cancer InstituteThe University Of QueenslandCuny Graduate School Of Public Health And Health Policy
Authors
Funding
A Follow-up Study for Causes of Cancer in Black WomenComprehensive molecular characterization of endometrial cancer, etiologic heterogeneity, and racial disparitiesF31 Childcare CostsPathologyESTROGEN, DIET, GENETICS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCEREndometrial cancer in black womenAdministrative CoreA Follow-up Study for Causes of Illness in Black WomenWorld Health Organization Grant 001Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyEpidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium FundingComprehensive molecular characterization of endometrial cancer, etiologic heterogeneity, and racial disparitiesPathologyNational Cancer Institute Grant 12018National Cancer Institute Grant 13010National Cancer Institute Grant 17323Administrative CoreA Follow-up Study for Causes of Illness in Black WomenA Follow-up Study for Causes of Cancer in Black WomenNational Cancer Institute Grant U01 CA186107National Cancer Institute (NCI) Grant P01 CA87969Molecular Pathoepidemiology of Endometrial Cancer RiskAlberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research FundingAssociazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro FundingSwiss National Science Foundation Grant 32.9495.88Swiss National Cancer Research Foundation Grant 1633-02-2005Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center FundingNIH HHS Grant R01 CA74877NIH Grant R01 63446NIH Grant R01 CA83918Karin Grunebaum Cancer Research Foundation FundingUS Army Medical Research Program Grant 17-96-607California Breast Cancer Research Grant 4JB-1106National Health and Medical Research Council Grant APP339435National Health and Medical Research Council Grant APP1073898National Health and Medical Research Council Grant APP1061341National Health and Medical Research Council Grant APP1061779National Health and Medical Research Council Grant 1173346National Health and Medical Research Council Grant 177524Cancer Council Tasmania Grant 403031Cancer Council Tasmania Grant 457636Cancer Council Queensland Grant 4196615International Agency for Research on Cancer FundingWHO Funding