Tumor-associated macrophages and platelets in tumor microenvironment and its potential therapeutic role in ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal cancers among gynecological tumors, with most cases diagnosed at an advanced stage. Despite advancements in medical science, current therapeutic options remain somewhat constrained, leading to a persistently high mortality among patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) critically drives ovarian cancer progression by orchestrating tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance via intercellular crosstalk, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and platelets are pivotal components of the ovarian cancer immune microenvironment. These components facilitate critical oncogenic processes, including tumor cell dissemination, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. Both TAMs and platelets have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Furthermore, bidirectional crosstalk between platelets and TAMs dynamically shapes the immunosuppressive TME. This review synthesizes the roles and mechanisms of TAMs and platelets in ovarian cancer progression, discusses emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these components, and establishes a framework for advancing novel therapies in ovarian cancer treatment.