Lifestyle factors affecting the prognosis of gynecological cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify key lifestyle factors influencing gynecologic cancer prognosis, focusing on recurrence prevention and mortality reduction. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Twenty cohort studies were included, yielding 152 analytical results. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals were extracted, and random-effects models were applied when significant heterogeneity was present. Age (HR 1.58), body mass index (HR 1.18), marital status (HR 1.25), menopausal status (HR 1.44), physical activity (HR 0.91), and race (HR 1.55) significantly influenced gynecologic cancer prognosis. Dairy consumption (HR 1.29) was associated with adverse outcomes, while fruit (HR 0.78) and vegetable intake (HR 0.82) were correlated with improved survival. Diabetes (HR 1.50) and smoking (HR 1.56) were associated with poorer outcomes. This study highlights the significant impact of modifiable lifestyle factors on gynecologic cancer prognosis. Integrating personalized lifestyle interventions into cancer care may improve patient outcomes and survival rates.