The situation of gynecological cancers in Thailand: incidence, histopathology, and survival outcomes from national cancer registry data
Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers are the 3 main cancers of the female reproductive system. Analyzing data from the cancer registry database will help understand the situation and trends of these diseases. This study utilized data from Thailand's population-based cancer registries covering 16 provinces across 5 geographic regions between 2019 and 2021. Data collection included demographic characteristics, cancer incidence, histopathology, disease stage, and survival outcomes. Incidence rates were calculated using age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 population, and 5-year survival outcomes were compared across 2 time periods (2013-2017 vs. 2018-2022). During 2019-2021, Thailand recorded a mean annual ASR of 132.9 for females, with cervical cancer remaining the most common gynecologic cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer decreased from 19.5 per 100,000 in 1995-2000 to 10.3 per 100,000 in 2019-2021. Uterine cancer demonstrated a rising trend, from 3.6 per 100,000 in 2004-2006 to 6.1 per 100,000 in 2019-2021, while ovarian cancer incidence remained relatively stable at 5.9 per 100,000. Five-year survival rates improved significantly across all gynecologic cancers in 2018-2022 compared with 2013-2017. The hazard ratios for overall survival by stage ranged from 0.57 to 0.81 for cervical, 0.53 to 0.82 for uterine, and 0.57 to 0.81 for ovarian cancers (all p<0.05). The incidence of cervical cancer in Thailand has declined over the past 2 decades, while the burdens of uterine and ovarian cancers are increasing. Five-year survival rates have significantly improved across all gynecologic cancer types.