Understanding facilitators and barriers to genetic testing for black ovarian cancer patients: A qualitative study utilizing interview data with patients and providers

Abstract

Studies consistently demonstrate that Black ovarian cancer patients are less likely to receive guideline‐recommended genetic testing. The current study explored barriers to genetic testing among Black women from the perspective of key stakeholders. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with patients (n = 5), advanced practice providers (n = 4), genetic counselors (n = 5), and physicians (n = 6). A framework analysis was used to identify themes. All patients identified as Black and completed genetic testing. Among providers, 13% identified as Black and the majority (66%) focused on gynecologic cancer care. Four themes emerged, and the first was that participants felt all women are too overwhelmed by their cancer diagnosis to prioritize genetic testing. However, Black women experience additional stress from racism that adds an additional barrier to genetic services. Second, Black women are unable to access genetic testing due to socioeconomic disadvantages related to a long history of structural racism. Third, Black women may be unwilling to complete genetic testing due to mistrust of providers and the healthcare system. Finally, Black women are less likely to receive genetic services prior to their cancer diagnosis due to cultural barriers and provider misconceptions about Black women's hereditary risk. Our findings highlight barriers to genetic counseling and testing among Black women, which may include individual and structural racism as well as bias. To increase uptake of genetic testing, it is critical for providers to prioritize communication and patient education that is culturally responsive to the needs of Black women and offer social supports to help Black women navigate their cancer care.