To assess whether exposure to lower-chlorinated PCBs from building materials is associated with increased incidence of UL, endometriosis, and PCOS in female residents. We studied 21,619 residents of two Danish partially PCB-contaminated housing areas from 1970 to 2018. Combining register-based relocation history with indoor air measurements, we quantified annual cumulative exposure (PCB During ≈ 380,000 person-years, we identified 662 incident UL, 199 endometriosis, and 190 PCOS cases. Median exposure was 56.3 PCB This first study of gynecological risks from residential PCB exposure found no effect, though exposure misclassification and outcome underascertainment may have biased results towards the null.