Preparation of novel Mn-doped Ti-based organic frameworks for the sonodynamic therapy of serous ovarian carcinoma
Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is distinguished by marked invasiveness, early dissemination and rapid drug resistance, creating an urgent demand for non‑cross‑resistant alternative therapies. Consequently, the exploration of minimally invasive yet highly effective treatment modalities has become a central research priority. In the present work, a heterobimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) sonosensitizer, namely Mn‑MX@MIL‑125(Ti), was synthesized by introducing manganese(II) ions into MXene-trussed Ti‑based organic frameworks. The obtained Mn-MX@MIL-125(Ti) exhibited high specific surface area, tunable mesoporous, and abundant metal sites, which collectively conferred excellent catalytic activity. Through a series of tests, it was found that Mn‑MX@MIL‑125(Ti) enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under low‑intensity ultrasound. For the SK-OV-3 cells, the PEG ylated Mn-MX@MIL-125(Ti) displayed good biocompatibility, but upon ultrasound irradiation, it accomplished half‑maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 27.5 µg mL⁻¹ . And, the pronounced decline in mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that it was the ROS‑mediated mitochondrial damage to effectively curtail tumour proliferation. Besides, in subcutaneous SOC murine model, the tumour‑inhibition rate of 83 % was achieved without discernible systemic toxicity. These results highlight that the Mn-MX@MIL-125(Ti) as a promising bimetallic sonosensitizer is capable of efficiently suppressing the SOC via ultrasound-induced ROS generation.