Unveiling the role of extracellular matrix elements and regulators in shaping ovarian cancer growth and metastasis
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression is determined by numerous intracellular interactions and the interplay between malignant cells, normal cells, and the tumor acellular microenvironment, formed largely by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The structure and biochemical functioning of various ECM components, along with the activity of agents that regulate ECM remodeling, impact the disease's expansion (adhesion, proliferation, invasion), spread, and response to therapy. It is important to note that the involvement of ECM components and their regulators in the progression of EOC is bidirectional and distinctly depends on a particular tissue context. In certain situations, certain components of the ECM enhance the activity of cancer cells, but in other scenarios, they suppress it. In this review, we summarize the newest knowledge regarding diverse aspects of ECM engagement in EOC pathophysiology and chemotherapy. Moreover, we delineate conditions that exacerbate the pro-cancerous properties of ECM, including diabetes-associated glycation, aging, and cellular senescence. We also explore methods to therapeutically alter the properties of the ECM, which could be beneficial in ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.