The role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in uterine myomas
Treatment options for uterine myomas - the most commonly occurring benign tumors of the female reproductive organs - are varied and include pharmacological therapies, radiological management, as well as surgery. The choice of treatment option should take effectiveness and safety into account, whilst considering also the expectations of the individual patient, e.g., the desire to preserve the uterus irrespective of reproductive goals. Advances in the pathophysiology of myomas have led to the search for new therapies that fulfil these criteria. EGCG - catechin is the primary bioactive polyphenol present in green tea (Camellia sinensis). It inhibits the cell proliferation of malignant and benign tumors and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. ECGC has been shown to inhibit myoma growth in vitro and in vivo, as well as in clinical trials. A multicentre prospective FRIEND study involving 200 women with uterine myomas is currently underway. EGCG appears to be a promising, non-invasive, safe option for the treatment of uterine myomas as well as the symptoms associated with their presence: heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and fertility disorders. Several clinical trials combining EGCG with vitamin D and B vitamins are ongoing. Recently published results have shown the safety of this therapy and a positive effect on reducing fibroid size and treating resulting ailments. Our goal is to summarize current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of EGCG in treating fibroids and the possible mechanisms of its action.