Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine wall associated with adenomyosis: A rare case report and literature review

Abstract

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the myometrium associated with adenomyosis is exceedingly rare. We present a case involving a 49‐year‐old female patient who experienced irregular menstruation for 3 months and was initially misdiagnosed with an anterior intramural uterine leiomyoma. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy. Histopathological analysis revealed infiltrative moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Adenomyosis was also present, with no lesions detected in the cervix, endocervical canal, or uterine cavity. The lesion was localized within the intrinsic muscular layer of the anterior uterine wall. Postoperative diagnosis confirmed stage IIC squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine corpus. A subsequent whole‐body positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) scan showed no abnormalities. A second surgery at another hospital revealed no abnormalities in the bilateral ovarian, greater omentum, and pelvic lymph nodes.