To determine the potential prognostic value of clinical and molecular biomarkers in the survival of patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer treated with olaparib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. ROLANDO was a single-arm phase II trial that included patients with high-grade serous or endometrioid tumors and at least one previous platinum-resistant recurrence regardless of Thirty-one patients were included. Median age was 57 years (range 43-75), Eastern Cooperative Oncolgy Group performance status 0/1: 32.3%/67.7% and High neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio at platinum-resistant relapse indicated poor prognosis in patients treated with olaparib plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. A multifactorial clinical signature was more precise than single variables for implying the prognosis and may help in therapeutic assignment after further validation in large prospective cohorts.