Challenges and Opportunities of Male Partner Involvement in Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Central Kenya: A Qualitative Analysis

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Kenya, with male partner involvement increasingly recognized as a key factor in effective prevention and control. However, limited research has explored the specific barriers and enablers to such involvement in the Kenyan context. This study aimed to examine the challenges and opportunities associated with male partner involvement in cervical cancer prevention in Central Kenya. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select 73 participants, including 20 couples (40 individuals), 20 nurses, 2 clinical officers, 2 gynecologists, 6 community health workers, and 3 county health directors. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and insights. Results: The mean age of male partners was 36.9 years, and 30.5 years for female partners. Most couples (70%, n = 28) had attained secondary education. The average duration of professional experience for nurses and clinical officers was 13 years. Key challenges included knowledge gaps, financial and logistical barriers, limited moral support, time constraints, sociocultural beliefs, stigma, and inadequate facility infrastructure. Identified opportunities included community education, shifting norms, improved couple communication, practical support from men, and integration of services. Conclusions: This study identifies key challenges and practical opportunities for increasing male involvement in cervical cancer prevention. Clarifying and promoting specific male roles such as support for screening and vaccination can enhance the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention strategies in Central Kenya.