BRCA1 and BRCA2: from cancer susceptibility to synthetic lethality

The discovery ofBRCA1andBRCA2as tumor susceptibility genes and their role in genome maintenance has transformed our understanding of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. This review traces the evolution of BRCA1/2 research over the past 30 years, highlighting key discoveries in the field and their contributions to tumor development. Additionally, we discuss current preventive measures forBRCA1/2mutation carriers and targeted treatment options based on the concept of synthetic lethality. Finally, we explore the challenges of acquired therapy resistance and discuss potential alternative avenues for targetingBRCA1/2mutant tumors.