HPV Vaccination Program in Indonesia: Effectiveness, Dose, Scale-Up Costs, Future Prospects, and Policy Recommendations
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Among females, Cervical cancer affects more frequently than any other type of cancer in Indonesia. Cervical cancer and illnesses linked to HPV infection are potentially preventable through vaccination. The aim of his study was to describe the characteristics of the available vaccines, the policy, and the implementation of HPV vaccination in Indonesia. A scoping review was performed by collecting information from previous studies, including general information about vaccines, vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. Approved HPV vaccine products in Indonesia have proven efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. Procuring vaccines through GAVI/UNICEF and the government has both advantages and disadvantages. Alongside the limited supply, numerous research studies show that dosage reduction to a single dose provides equal protection compared to 2-3 doses. The benchmark implementation of the single dose has been done in many countries, ranging from high-income to low-middle-income countries. Therefore, considering other countries and Indonesia's high population and vaccination burden, proposed updates for vaccination programs are recommended to achieve the cancer elimination target by 2030. Improvement of vaccination programs using single-dose HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer requires a coherent framework, sufficient funds, effective management of stakeholder interests, and sensitivity to contextual factors.