Veterinary Medicine and Science

Feasibility of 18 F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Canine Granulosa Cell Tumours in Two Dogs

ABSTRACT Two spayed female mongrels were presented for an abdominal mass and metastasis examination. To investigate suspected ovarian tumours and metastasis, 18 F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose ( 18 F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed. 18 F‐FDG PET revealed mildly increased glucose uptake (maximum standardised uptake values, 2.03 and 1.32) without hypermetabolic invasion to adjacent tissue or lymphadenopathy. Histopathological examination confirmed that the excised ovarian tumours were granulosa cell tumours without angiolymphatic invasion. This is the first case report describing the feasibility of using 18 F‐FDG PET/CT to detect canine granulosa cell tumours, highlighting their characteristics and identifying metastasis to regional lymph nodes or visceral organs.

Co‐Occurrence of Ovarian Dysgerminoma‐Inducing Gonadoblastoma and Two Distinct Mammary Carcinomas in a Dog: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Gonadoblastoma (GB) is an extremely rare mixed gonadal neoplasm, encountered in animals as well as humans. The tumour is typically reported in dysgenetic gonads of those suffering from disorders of sex development and bearing the Y chromosome. Here we highlight the first report of the co‐occurrence of an ovarian dysgerminoma‐inducing GB and anaplastic and complex carcinomas of distinct mammary glands in a phenotypically normal 12‐year‐old intact female Spitz lacking the Y chromosome. Germ cells of GB and dysgerminoma were negative for c‐kit but immunolabelled with SALL4, OCT‐4, and E‐cadherin and aberrantly expressed WT‐1. Sex cord‐stromal cells were immunoreactive for α‐inhibin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and WT‐1. Diffuse vimentin immunostaining was observed, while all cells were negative for high molecular weight cytokeratins. The Ki67 index was 30%. We describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of the index case and the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the amelogenin (AMEL) gene and provide a review of the literature. The mechanism of GB development may vary in patients with normal karyotypes and dysgenetic individuals. The WT‐1 gene mutation may also play a role in the development of GB in the present case.

Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the oviduct and uterus in a Cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus )

Abstract An 11‐year‐old female cinnamon cockatiel ( Nymphicus hollandicus ) was presented with a coelomic distention. Dystocia was suspected, given its previous history of a calcium‐deficient diet and multiple instances of nonobstructive dystocia. Exploratory coeliotomy revealed a large intraluminal mass extending through the magnum to the uterus (shell gland). Metastasis and multiorgan involvement were not seen. Histopathologically, malignant and invasive fascicles of spindle cells were associated with abundant myxoid matrix and hypocellular areas. Multinucleation, bizarre cells and atypical mitotic figures were prominent. Masson's trichrome staining verified the muscular origin, and the myxoid matrix was demonstrated utilizing Alcian blue. The neoplastic cells exhibited alpha‐smooth muscle actin and desmin immunoreactivity and were negative for vimentin. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with oviductal and uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The patient survived 34 days post‐surgery before death associated with suspected enteritis. Myxoid LMS is an extremely rare neoplasm in animals. To our knowledge, myxoid LMS has not been reported previously in pet birds.

Uterine haemangiosarcoma in a Netherland Dwarf rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus Netherland dwarf)

Abstract A 7‐year‐old intact Netherlands Dwarf rabbit with bloody discharge from the vulva underwent ovariohysterectomy. Grossly, both sides of the uterus were enlarged. Histologically, the tumour had formed protruded from the myometrial wall toward the serosa and was composed of irregular small capillaries with irregularly shaped structures and bundled proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells. No tumour cells infiltrated the endometrium. The tumour cells were positive for CD31, and histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma. Vascular tumours in the uterus of animals are uncommon, and only one case has been reported in the uterus of rabbits.