Medwave

Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors associated with cervical dysplasia: A case-control study

Introduction Cervical dysplasia is a precursor lesion of cervical cancer, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the development of cervical dysplasia in women treated at the Santa María del Socorro Hospital in Ica, Peru, between 2017 and 2019. Methods An observational case-control study was conducted with 92 cases of women with confirmed high-grade intraepithelial lesion and 184 controls with consecutive negative results in Pap smears. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions. Results The factors significantly associated with cervical dysplasia were age under 35 years (odds ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.7), having a partner (7.4; 2.3 to 23.5), body mass index ≥ 25 (12.9; 3.9 to 42.0), more than three sexual partners (71.4; 16.4 to 310.9), bacterial vaginosis (101.2; 12.2 to 838.2), grand multiparity (39.0; 7.1 to 225.4), rural origin (0.2; 0.1 to 0.8), use of injectables (0.2; 0.1 to 0.6), and intrauterine devide (0.04; 0.01 to 0.2). Conclusions Identifying these risk factors is crucial for cervical cancer prevention. It is recommended to implement early detection programs targeted at women with risk factors, especially those under 35 years and with multiple sexual partners.

Prevalence and factors associated with cervical cancer preventive screening in a Peruvian region

Introduction Preventive screening for cervical cancer is the best available strategy to reduce the incidence and mortality from this neoplasm. However, the low proportion of women who undergo routine screening is a pending concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Objective To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with preventive cervical cancer screening in a Peruvian region. Methods Cross-sectional, multicenter study. It enrolled 1146 women users of healthcare centers in a Peruvian sanitary region. The dependent variable was the performance of cervical cancer preventive screening with Papanicolaou or visual inspection with acetic acid in the last two years. The independent variables were sociodemographic and socio-sanitary factors, knowledge about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus, attitudes and information towards screening tests. To evaluate the association between the variables, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated with generalized linear models of Poisson. Results The overall prevalence of preventive screening was 50.5%. This was associated with being tested, having a higher education level and urban area of residence, using contraceptive methods, having health insurance, being recommended by healthcare personnel to be screened, and being concerned about developing cervical cancer. It was also associated with responding that this cancer is preventable, being aware of cervical cancer or human papillomavirus, and believing it can cause cervical cancer. In contrast, considering preventive screening risky was associated with not having the test. Conclusions The proportion of women with preventive cervical cancer screening is low. In addition, certain associated modifiable factors were identified, which could improve preventive screening behaviors and rates.