Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Effect of Nano-Tracer on Identification of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Pelvic Cavity and Postoperative Complications in Patients with Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. Its incidence rate ranks first among female malignant tumors in China and has been increasing in recent years. However, pelvic lymph node metastasis is an important factor affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer, because pelvic lymph node metastasis determines the scope of surgery, it is also an important basis for postoperative adjuvant treatment. Therefore, an accurate and effective method is needed to detect the presence of lymphatic metastases in time to guide the need for systematic pelvic lymph node dissection. This article explores the clinical application of nano-tracer in the surgical treatment of cervical cancer patients and the impact of postoperative complications on patients with pelvic sentinel lymph nodes. The results show that the success rate of sentinel lymph node tracing in cervical cancer surgery is high, and it is a safe and efficient lymph tracer, which can provide an effective way to study cervical micro metastasis and lymphatic chemotherapy.

Aptamer (AS1411)-Conjugated Liposome for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of miRNA-29b in Ovarian Cancer

AS1411 Aptamer-functionalized liposome was successfully formulated and found to be nanosized. Flow cytometer and CLSM results demonstrated that Aptamer enhanced the targeting of carrier in the cancer cells via nucleolin-mediated transmembrane endocytosis pathway. The lipofectaminebased miR-29b showed a typical concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect in the cancer cells. LP-miR induced a significant reduction in the cell viability of A2780 cells compared to that of nontreated control, while LP-Mut (mutant loaded) did not have any effect on the cell viability indicating the importance of the specific gene sequencing. LP-miR induced a significant decrease in the green fluorescence which is indicative of the decrease in the cell viability. Simultaneously, higher PI positive cells were observed for LP-miR treated cancer cells in Live/Dead assay. Cells treated with LP-miR exhibited the brightest fluorescence indicating the presence of apoptotic cells. Significant increase in the Annexin-V+ cells and PI+ cells were observed for cell treated with LP-miR compared to that of non-treated control indicating the potential of miR-29b. This novel miR-29b-loaded Aptamer-directed liposome could potential serve as a new platform to improve the therapeutic outcome in ovarian cancers.

The Anti-Proliferative Effect of Flavonoid Nanoparticles on the Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SK0V3

To investigate the anti-proliferative effect of flavonoid nanoparticles on the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Ten nude mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with the human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell mixture. The treatment group received tail vein injections with 1.25 mg/kg of flavonol, once every 3 days, 0.2 mL each time, for a total of 12 times. The control group was a tumor model that was injected with 50 mL/L glucose solution; it was observed in Lacquerin Group as the Laccase Nanoparticle Group. Tumor quality was recorded after treatment. The morphology of tumor cells in the two groups was observed by fluorescence microscopy. MTS was used to measure the value of tumor cells in the two groups after administration. Apoptosis of SKOV3 cells was detected by flow cytometry using a tumor cell suspension. The MTT results showed a decreased growth rate of SKOV3 cells with an increase in the mass concentration of flavonoid nanoparticles. The nude mice in the control group had scattered cauliflower-like tumor nodules. The treatment group only showed very small granular tumor nodules. The tumor mass within the treatment group was comparable (P > 0.05), but was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The morphology of the tumor cells in the treatment group became longer and thinner and showed a slender spindle shape. Some high-temperature treated cells even appeared star-shaped, and the cell bodies were significantly broadened. Flow cytometry results showed significantly increased apoptosis of the SKOV3 cells after treatment with flavonoid nanoparticles. The MTS results showed a significantly slowed proliferation rate of SKOV3 cells after two days of administering flavonoid nanoparticles (P < 0.05). Flavonoid nanoparticles were nontoxic, and decreased cell proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in an ovarian cancer cell line.

Cytotoxic Activity of Cu/TiO2 Nanoparticles on Uterine-Cervical Cancer Cells

Nanoparticles based on metal oxides serve as carrier matrices for molecules of biological interest. In this work, we used different copper complexes that were coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared with the sol–gel method. The Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized through ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen physisorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Their biological activity was determined through DNA degradation and their cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells. The Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles presented a pore size between 2 and 6 nm, the size of nanoparticles agglomerates was between 100 and 500 nm. The nanoparticles of Cu/TiO2 degraded DNA starting at 15 min. The half maximal inhibitory concentration in HeLa cells depends on the used cooper complexes, the kinetics of cell death is of first order. Results revealed that these nanoparticles could be applied in uterine-cervical cancer treatment.

Label-Free Detection of Ovarian Cancer Antigen CA125 by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has drawn attention in recent years for imaging biologicalmolecules as an analytical tool due to its label-free approach. The SERS approach can be used in tracking organic molecules and monitoring unique Raman spectra of the organic molecules bound to metal nanoparticles (NPs). In this paper, the molecular specifity of Raman Spectroscopy was used together with self-assembled monolayer of metallic AuNPs as a sensor platform in order to detect CA125 antibody-antigen probe molecules. Highly enhanced electromagnetic fields localized around neighboring AuNPs provide hot-spot construction due to the spatial distribution of SERS enhancement on the CA125 proteins at nM concentration level. Time resolved SERS mapping of CA125 antibody and antigen couples was recorded. Even though blinking behavior was observed for some cases, vast variety SERS signals from CA125 proteins were highly reproducible. Blinking behavior is attributed to single molecular detection. Distinguished feature of SERS mapping images of CA125 antibody and antigen with such a low concentration level is very promising for this technique to be used for diagnostic purposes.

Evaluation Preparation of Apatinib-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles and Its Effect in the Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor, second only to cervical cancer and uterine body cancer. In China, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate in gynecological tumors. Due to the rapid spread of cancer cells, the prognosis is relatively poor. Because the ovarian epithelial cancer is relatively insidious, there are no obvious clinical manifestations in the early stage. At present, apatinib chemotherapy is widely used, which can reduce the disease of patients by inhibiting the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Fluorescence imaging is widely used in biomedical imaging. Organic fluorescent dyes are stable in nature and can be linked to a variety of molecules. They are often used in targeted imaging and therapeutic research. A cyanine dye is an organic molecule formed by two nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles connected by a polymethine bridge. Because neither MR contrast agents nor fluorescent dyes are targeted, specific biomolecules and contrast agents are often used in the research to diagnose and treat tumors. In this paper, a polymer nanoparticle loaded with apatinib was prepared and its therapeutic effect in advanced ovarian cancer was explored. The results show that nanoparticles loaded with apatinib are more effective than ordinary therapeutic drugs.

Effect of Superparamagnetic DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 Combined with Carmustine on Cervical Cancer

This study aimed to investigate the effects of DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapy drug carmustine on cervical cancer cells under a certain intensity of alternating magnetic field. And the role of Mir-590-3P in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The optimal thermotherapy concentration of γ-Fe2O3 nanomaterials on cervical cancer cells was determined by in vitro heating. In addition, the MTT colorimetric method was used to evaluate the toxic effect of γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells, and the optimal therapeutic concentration of carbachol on cervical cancer cells was optimized (0.015 g · L−1). The cervical cancer cells were divided into control, γ-Fe2O3 hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 combined chemotherapy groups. After 2 h exposure to hypothermic conditions, flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis for each group. The heating effect of the γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanomaterials was apparent. When the concentration of γ-Fe2O3 was ≥6 g· L−1, the temperature rise above 41 °C. γ-Fe2O3 is non-toxic to cervical cancer cells and has good biocompatibility. Taking the drug concentration of IC25 as the working concentration of this study, the working concentration of carmustine was 0.015 g · L−1. Both the 41 °C heat treatment and chemotherapy alone had a killing effect on glioma and cervical cancer cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, the combined inhibitory effect of DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy and drugs at this temperature was significantly stronger than that of thermotherapy and chemotherapy alone (P < 0.05). For the control, gamma-Fe2O3 hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 combined chemotherapy groups, the apoptosis rates of the cervical cancer cells were 1.4%, 18.6%, 24.12%, and 38.97%, respectively. DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 nanomagnetic fluid thermotherapy combined with the chemotherapeutic drug carmustine exerted a noticeable toxic effect on the cervical cancer cells, and DMSO@γ-Fe2O3 significantly enhanced the killing effect of carmustine on cervical cancer cells.