Journal of Medical Primatology

Female Reproductive System Neoplasms in Neotropical Primates

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are no previous descriptions of the prevalence of spontaneous female reproductive neoplasms in neotropical primates.MethodsA 6‐year study of pathological records from the Anatomy Pathology Sector from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRuralRJ) was conducted. All cases of female nonhuman primate taxa belonging to the Platyrrhini parvorder with primary reproductive neoplasms were studied.ResultsThe overall prevalence of female reproductive neoplasms in neotropical primates from 2019 to 2024 was 2.6% (6/228). Ovarian neoplasms were all classified as lesions without clinical significance. Uterine adenocarcinomas were observed in 50% (3/6) and were considered the cause of death in all cases.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are no significant differences in the prevalence of ovarian and uterine spontaneous neoplasm presentation in neotropical primates. Despite the low prevalence, uterine adenocarcinomas should be included as a potential cause of neotropical primate deaths.

Immunohistochemical characterization of integrin alfa 6 in uterus and cervix of the cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 infection

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cervical tissue epithelial cells due to persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) can be naturally and spontaneously infected with M. fascicularis Papillomavirus Type 3 (MfPV3), a virus that is phylogenetically closely related to human oncogenic HPV (HPV‐16 and HPV‐34), and therefore a potentially beneficial for modeling HPV disease. This study aims to evaluate the expression of the integrin alpha 6 (ITGα6) receptor in cynomolgus monkeys spontaneously infected with MfPV3, which this receptor also found in human infected with HPV.MethodsThe study was done on archived Formalin‐fixed Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) samples of uterine and cervix tissue of cynomolgus monkeys. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to quantify the expression levels of ITGα6.ResultsThe results showed 80% of the samples positive Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and increased expression of ITGα6 significantly in Positive‐MfPV3 group than negative‐MfPV3 group.ConclusionsThis indicated the potential of cynomolgus monkeys as a spontaneous oncogenesis model of PV infection type.

Successful surgical management of massive ovarian teratoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

AbstractA 5 years‐old Rhesus macaque was presented with abdominal enlargement. The clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings suggested that a massive mass occupying the whole of the abdomen. The mass was surgically removed, and histopathology confirmed ovarian teratoma. The macaque recovered uneventfully; however, the management to avoid self‐mutilation of skin sutures was challenging.

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a captive female chimpanzee: A case report

AbstractA necropsy was performed on a 43‐year‐old female zoo chimpanzee, with cancer in the vulvar and perivulvar region. She was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of this tumor in domestic animals and non‐human primates is very rare in the vulvar region and there were no previous reports found on it in chimpanzee, due to which this report contributes to the knowledge on chimpanzee pathologies.

Diagnostic features of metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in a captive black‐tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)

AbstractA captive marmoset developed metastatic endometrioid carcinoma (EnC), a rare uterine tumor in non‐human primates (NHPs). The neoplasm showed marked microscopical malignant and tubulopapillary aspects, immunopositivity for pan‐cytokeratin, CK7, estrogen receptor, and a high mitotic index (Ki‐67). These features may contribute to the diagnosis and therapeutics of EnC in NHPs.

Metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in a hybrid Leontopithecus sp.

AbstractPrimary female reproductive neoplasms in Platyrrhines species are few reported. We present the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of metastatic endometrioid carcinoma in the uterus, urinary bladder, jejunum, and rectum of a Leontopithecus sp. The neoplastic endometrial cells expressed strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling of cytokeratin 7.