Gaceta Médica de México

<i>RET</i> could act as suppressor tumor gene in cervical cancer cells

RET gene is an oncogene for thyroid cancer, in contrast as tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer. To know the role of RET gene in Cervical Cancer (CC) cells. Tissue microarray harboring healthy, Low- or High-Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSIL or HSIL), and CC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear cellular membranes were evaluated by an Olympus cellSens Dimension system. DNA from cervical cells and cervical-cell lines were assessed for detecting RET point mutation and methylation promoter status. GraphPad Prism ver. 9.3.1 software was used for the analysis. Healthy cervical samples expressed RET protein, in contrast a quite similar proportion 75-90% of the LSIL or HSIL, or CC samples (squamous or adenocarcinoma) demonstrated a lack of RET expression. Cervical glandular intraepithelial lesions presented a similar expression pattern compared with the control group. The CC cells do not exhibit RET point mutation for exons 10 and 16, but the RET gene promoter was methylated. The lack of RET expression could correlate with the promoter methylated in the transformed cervical epithelial cells. These findings could suggest that RET gene acts as tumor suppressor gene in Cervical cancer.

Recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stratified by age

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in countries with middle to high income levels. Stratifying the predictors of recurrence/persistence of grade 2 or 3 CIN after primary conization in different age groups, is the object of analysis of our study. A total of 432 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) attended from January 2017 to May 2020 were included. Information regarding age at diagnosis, immunosuppression and cytologic, colposcopy, LEEP or cervical cone biopsy and histopathological results were acquired. Recurrence incidence was calculated over follow-up time in months. To evaluate the association between patient's characteristics and recurrence, we calculated hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI. We observed 25 recurrences from 432 women and 4,869 months of follow-up (5.13 incidence per 1,000 months). Median age was 38 years old. Median follow-up was 6.8 months. The recurrence-free period at 1, 2 and 3 years was 95.47%, 82.18% and 44.09% respectively. In the bivariate analysis, factors associated with the risk of recurrence were the following: high grade cytological diagnosis (HR = 3.04, IC 95% = 1.18-7.31), colposcopy grade 2 or cancer suspected (HR = 3.04, IC 95% = 1.25-7.22), high grade biopsy diagnosis (HR = 3.07, IC95 % = 1.28-7.30), LEEP or hysterectomy (HR = 2.85, IC95 % = 1.19-6.78). High-grade lesions, colposcopy findings and pathological diagnosis were also associated with disease recurrence.

Recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento farmacológico del cáncer de ovario epitelial en México

Ovarian cancer is the third most frequent gynaecological malignancy worldwide and in Mexico, with a high mortality rate, due to that in many cases its diagnosis is made in advanced stages. Prognosis is important for determining the subtype and the degree of evolution. During lasts years, the management of ovarian cancer has undergone an important evolution with the incorporation of new therapeutic options, which in turn represent an increase in the survival of these patients. We present recommendations for the management of ovarian cancer developed by an expert panel Mexican based on available evidence so far and the characteristics of health care in the country.

Abdominal tuberculosis mimicking ovarian cancer. A case series report

Peritoneal tuberculosis (abdominal tuberculosis) can be confused with a malignant neoplasm. To describe clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with abdominal tuberculosis mimicking advanced ovarian cancer, diagnosed in a national reference cancer center. Clinical and pathological characteristics of nine patients with abdominal tuberculosis that clinically resembled advanced ovarian cancer are described. Median age was 47 years; the most common socioeconomic status was low (44%). Abdominal pain and weight loss occurred in 77.7%; ascites, in 55.5%; 22.2% had a positive COMBE test, and 100% had no history of pulmonary tuberculosis. CA-125 elevation was reported in 77.7%, with levels > 500 U/mL in 57.1%. Tomography reported carcinomatosis in 50% and pelvic tumor and ascites in 37.5%. All patients underwent surgery, where 62.5% were diagnosed by intraoperative pathology study as neoplastic disease. Tuberculosis is considered the great imitator, which is why abdominal tuberculosis diagnosis should be borne in mind when faced with a suspicious case, even when clinical presentation, imaging studies, and even intraoperative examination suggest ovarian cancer.