Yun Lu

Tumor Cell‐Expressed Herpesvirus Entry Mediator Regulates Proliferation and Adaptive Immunity in Ovarian Cancer

ABSTRACT Background Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy with an increasing incidence and high mortality rate. Although the role of the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), encoded by the TNFRSF14 gene, is currently considered pivotal in various types of cancer, the regulation of tumor cell‐expressed HVEM in OvCa remains inadequately understood. Methods Specimens were used to detect HVEM expression via quantitative RT‐PCR and flow cytometry. The proliferation of the murine OvCa cell line ID8 was determined using the Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and EdU staining assays. The immune constituents within the ascites fluid and spleen of tumor‐bearing mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore cytokines, chemokines, and signaling pathways regulated by HVEM, and differential expression levels were confirmed via quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Results Herein, we identified a significant upregulation of HVEM in OvCa tissues compared with that in benign tissues and observed dominant expression of HVEM in CD45⁻EpCAM⁺ subsets in OvCa specimens. Tumor cell‐expressed HVEM was found to promote OvCa cell proliferation by partly activating spliced X‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1s)‐c‐Myc signaling. In mouse models, knockdown of Tnfrsf14 in ID8 cells alleviated OvCa progression and specifically affected the frequency and function of T cells in the ascites fluid and spleen. In addition, tumor cell‐expressed HVEM altered chemokine expression (CXCL1/9/10/11 and CCL2/4/5) and STAT signal activation (STAT5 and STAT6) in ID8 cells. Conclusion This study investigated the effects of HVEM on OvCa and validated its potential as a therapeutic marker for treating OvCa.

The Epidemiological Characteristics of Noncommunicable Diseases and Malignant Tumors in Guiyang, China: Cross-sectional Study

Background Studies that address the changing characteristics of diseases are of great importance for preventing and controlling the occurrence and development of diseases and for improving health. However, studies of the epidemiological characteristics of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and malignant tumors (MTs) of the residents in Guiyang, China, are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalences of NCDs and MTs in residents of Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China, and analyze differences among ages, genders, and regions. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 81,517 individuals were selected for the study. Of these, 77,381 (94.9%) participants completed the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, NCDs, and MTs. The chi-square test (with 95% confidence intervals) was used to analyze differences in disease prevalence among genders, ages, and geographical regions. Results The major chronic NCDs of Guiyang residents are obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. MTs in women are mostly breast cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer, whereas in men, MTs are mainly lung cancer, rectal cancer, and gastric cancer. The prevalences of hypertension and diabetes in women are higher than in men, but the prevalences of lung cancer and gastric cancer in men are higher than in women. The epidemiological characteristics of individuals in different life stages are dissimilar. In terms of regional distribution, the prevalences of the above diseases in the Baiyun and Yunyan districts of Guiyang are relatively high. Conclusions Several NCDs (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) and MTs (women: breast cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer; men: lung cancer, rectal cancer, and gastric cancer) should be the focus for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in the future. In particular, the Baiyun and Yunyan districts of Guiyang are the important regions to emphasize.