Xue Wang

MRI-based radiomics model for distinguishing Stage I endometrial carcinoma from endometrial polyp: a multicenter study

Background Patients with early endometrial carcinoma (EC) have a good prognosis, but it is difficult to distinguish from endometrial polyps (EPs). Purpose To develop and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics models for discriminating Stage I EC from EP in a multicenter setting. Material and Methods Patients with Stage I EC (n = 202) and EP (n = 99) who underwent preoperative MRI scans were collected in three centers (seven devices). The images from devices 1–3 were utilized for training and validation, and the images from devices 4–7 were utilized for testing, leading to three models. They were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Two radiologists evaluated the endometrial lesions and compared them with the three models. Results The AUCs of device 1, 2_ada, device 1, 3_ada, and device 2, 3_ada for discriminating Stage I EC from EP were 0.951, 0.912, and 0.896 for the training set, 0.755, 0.928, and 1.000 for the validation set, and 0.883, 0.956, and 0.878 for the external validation set, respectively. The specificity of the three models was higher, but the accuracy and sensitivity were lower than those of radiologists. Conclusion Our MRI-based models showed good potential in differentiating Stage I EC from EP and had been validated in multiple centers. Their specificity was higher than that of radiologists and may be used for computer-aided diagnosis in the future to assist clinical diagnosis.

Recent Advances in HPV Detection: From Traditional Methods to Nanotechnology and the Application of Quantum Dots

Cervical cancer, a significant public health concern, demands precise and expeditious detection methods to curb the spread of human papillomavirus (HPV). The early detection of cervical cancer remains a critical challenge in developing reliable and efficient screening tools to meet the demand for controlling cervical cancer. Traditional detection techniques are often cumbersome, costly, and inadequate for on-site HPV testing. Nanotechnology, with its unique electrical, chemical, and optical properties, has emerged as a pivotal component in the development of biosensors for rapid and reliable HPV detection. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in cervical cancer detection, encompassing traditional methods, emerging protocols, and novel quantum dots (QDs)-based approaches for detection. The review examines the application of various nanomaterials in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of cervical cancer, with these innovations offering a significant improvement over conventional approach. Furthermore, we detail the synthesis methods of QDs and their properties, illustrate the substantial enhancement in sensor performance achieved through their applications, and elucidate the improvements and challenges associated with these new protocols while highlighting the potential application prospects of novel QDs technology in HPV detection.

A multicenter study of cervical cancer using quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging

Background Parameters from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been increasingly used as imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment responses in cancer. The consistency of DWI measurements across different centers remains uncertain, which limits the widespread use of quantitative DWI in clinical settings. Purpose To investigate the consistency of quantitative metrics derived from DWI between different scanners in a multicenter clinical setting. Material and Methods A total of 193 patients with cervical cancer from four scanners (MRI1, MRI2, MRI3, and MRI4) at three centers were included in this retrospective study. DWI data were processed using the mono-exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model, yielding the following parameters: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC); true diffusion coefficient (D); pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*); perfusion fraction (f); and the product of f and D* (fD*). Various parameters of cervical cancer obtained from different scanners were compared. Results The parameters D and ADC derived from MRI1 and MRI2 were significantly different from those derived from MRI3 or MRI4 ( P <0.01 for all comparisons). However, there was no significant difference in cervical cancer perfusion parameters (D* and fD*) between the different scanners ( P >0.05). The P values of comparisons of all DWI parameters (D, D*, fD*, and ADC) between MRI3 and MRI4 (same vendor in different centers) for cervical cancer were all >0.05, except for f ( P = 0.05). Conclusion Scanners of the same model by the same vendor can yield close measurements of the ADC and IVIM parameters. The perfusion parameters showed higher consistency among the different scanners.

Clinicopathological Diagnosis and Prognosis of Endometrioid Borderline Ovarian Tumors: Dual Case Reports and Literature Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Endometrioid borderline ovarian tumor (EBOT) is rare and frequently misdiagnosed. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, differential diagnosis, therapeutic approaches and disease prognosis, thereby establishing a robust foundation to mitigate misdiagnosis risks and deepen insights into the pathological diagnosis of this disease. Case Presentations From May 2020 to December 2022, two female patients diagnosed with EBOT were enrolled at Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital. The patients, aged 30 and 34 years, respectively, both underwent left adnexal resection. Microscopically, the tumors displayed disorganized crowded endometrioid glands, mild‐to‐moderate epithelial atypia, and fibrous stroma interspersed among glands. Mulberry‐like squamous metaplasia was also observed in some areas. Tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), but negative for Wilms' tumor 1 (WT‐1). The Ki‐67 index ranged from 3% to 10%. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous CTNNB1 deletion in one tumor, whereas a heterozygous PTEN deletion in the other. As of the current follow‐up (ranging from 10 to 40 months), both cases remained in a tumor‐free status, with no signs of recurrence or metastasis to date. Conclusion EBOT are infrequent and may coexist with endometriosis or endometrioid carcinoma. Our cases demonstrated a heterozygous deletion of the CTNNB1 gene in one case, while a heterozygous deletion of the PTEN gene in the other. Surgery remains the main treatment, reflecting its efficacy in achieving disease control and a favorable prognosis.