Seeta Devi

Impact of Olaparib, Niraparib, Rucaparib therapies on Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Ovarian Cancer -Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review aims to examine the effect of PARP inhibitors on PFS, OS, and adverse events in women with advanced ovarian cancer (OC). The PRISMA 2020 guidelines are followed while conducting this comprehensive review. Data from 17 randomized control trails (RCT) published between 2014 and June 2024 were included. These trials compared PARPi maintenance therapy to placebo women with newly diagnosed and recurrent advanced OC. The specific keywords were used to search relevant studies in databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane library, and WoS. The main outcomes were the Progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), or adverse events (AEs). The combined hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) were determined, together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Each of the analyses were conducted using a model with random effects. Despite high heterogeneity, the meta-analysis found that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) maintenance therapy ominously improved PFS compared to placebo, with a combined HR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.10-1.61) in newly diagnosed cases and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.59-1.30) in relapsed cases. However, the OS improvement was not significantly substantial, with a collective HR of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99-1.13). AEs are considerably higher in the PARPi groups, notably hematologic toxicities including anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. However, these adverse effects may be controlled with dosage modifications, and therapy was discontinued only in few cases. PARPi are an effective therapy in both newly discovered and relapsed. Although there is a modest rise in the frequency of severe adverse reactions, they are usually handled well.

A Systematic Review of Cervical Cancer Mobile Applications and a Future Directions for Developers

The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of mobile health (mHealth) applications that promote cervical cancer awareness and provide screening assistance, with an emphasis on apps available on the Google Play Store and iOS. From December 2023 to February 2024, we assessed mobile applications focused on cervical cancer screening that are available on Google Play and Apple iTunes. The "Cervical Cancer," "Mobile Application," "Pap Test," "Cervical Cancer Guide," "Human Papillomavirus," plus "Cervical Screening are the keywords used to search the applications." Data collection includes features such as application name, pricing, download metrics, invention date, last update, affiliation, online access, login requirements, and notification functionality, which were gathered in Excel. Interrater reliability based on four reviewers' independent judgments, varied from 0.75 to 0.83. In our research, we found 25 apps (16 on the Google Play Store and 9 on iOS). After a thorough review, only 14 relevant apps were included. According to the MARS rating, Rise Against Cancer received the highest score (3.9), followed by FightHPV and Cervical Cancer Forum (3.8). Rise Against Cancer (29), HPV Vaccine (28), and CDC STI Tx Guidelines (28) scored highest in the APPLICATIONS rating system. Hope 4 All and OCI Cervibreast closely matched the statements, meeting seven of the thirteen requirements each. Future app developers should produce user-friendly, often updated mHealth applications that include high-quality cervical cancer awareness and screening content. These apps should provide validated information and pleasant graphic effects.

Public health nurse perspectives on predicting nonattendance for cervical cancer screening through classification, ensemble, and deep learning models

AbstractObjectivesWomen's attendance to cervical cancer screening (CCS) is a major concern for healthcare providers in community. This study aims to use the various algorithms that can accurately predict the most barriers of women for nonattendance to CS.DesignThe real‐time data were collected from women presented at OPD of primary health centers (PHCs). About 1046 women's data regarding attendance and nonattendance to CCS were included. In this study, we have used three models, classification, ensemble, and deep learning models, to compare the specific accuracy and AU‐ROC for predicting non‐attenders for CC.ResultsThe current model employs 22 predictors, with soft voting in ensemble models showing slightly higher specificity (96%) and sensitivity (93%) than weighted averaging. Bagging excels with the highest accuracy (98.49%), specificity (97.3%), and ideal sensitivity (100%) with an AUC of 0.99. Classification models reveal Naive Bayes with higher specificity (97%) but lower sensitivity (91%) than Logistic Regression. Random Forest and Neural Network achieve the highest accuracy (98.49%), with an AUC of 0.98. In deep learning, LSTM has an accuracy of 95.68%, higher specificity (97.60%), and lower sensitivity (93.42%) compared to other models. MLP and NN showed the highest AUC values of 0.99.ConclusionEmploying ensemble and deep learning models proved most effective in predicting barriers to nonattendance in cervical screening.

The Effect of Multimodal Interventions Regarding Early Cervical Cancer Diagnosis on the Women’s Knowledge, Attitude and Participation in Cervical Screening Program

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of multimodal interventions on women's knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards the participation in the cervical screening test. A quasi-experimental design is executed with a multi-stage sampling of 300 women residing in rural India.  Various multimodal interventions, including a documentary film, face-to-face meetings, written booklets, reminder letters, SMS, and telephone calls, are used to motivate the women for cervical cancer screening. Following the interventions, 99% of the participants became aware of cervical cancer and increased their participation in screening from 3.0 % (Pretest) to 79.9% (Posttest). Three reminders have been sent to the participants, throughout the intervention period which has led to a considerable rise in the participants' willingness to participate in screening, hiking from 58% to 79.9%. The Pap smear test results have shown that: among 288 women, 21 have Typical Malignant cells on their cervix, and two women have been diagnosed with cervical cancer (Stage 1a and Stage 1b). The findings of the study indicate that utilizing diverse interventions in health education alters women's behavior, enhances the compliance of cervical cancer screening, and ultimately helps to prevent life-threatening risks.