Mo Chen

Advancing Ovarian Cancer Therapeutics: The Role of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal reproductive system cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The high mortality rate and poor prognosis of OC are primarily due to its tendency for extensive abdominal metastasis, late diagnosis in advanced stages, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, significant adverse reactions to first-line chemotherapy, and the development of chemoresistance. Current adjuvant chemotherapies face challenges such as poor targeting, low efficacy, and significant side effects. Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDSs) are designed to deliver drugs precisely to the tumor site to enhance efficacy and minimize side effects. This review highlights recent advancements in the use of TDDSs for OC therapies, including drug conjugate delivery systems, nanoparticle drug delivery systems, and hydrogel drug delivery systems. The focus is on employing TDDS to conduct direct, effective, and safer interventions in OC through methods such as targeted tumor recognition and controlled drug release, either independently or in combination. This review also discusses the prospects and challenges for further development of TDDSs. Undoubtedly, the use of TDDSs shows promise in the battle against OCs.

Laparoscopic infragastric omentectomy in surgery of gynecologic malignant tumor

Multidisciplinary procedures in the laparoscopic secondary cytoreductive surgery of advanced ovarian cancer

The PDGF Family Is Associated with Activated Tumor Stroma and Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer

The initiation and progression of cancer depend on the genetic alterations inherent in cancer cells, coupled with the mutual interplay of cancer cells with the surrounding tumor stroma. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, as a mesenchymal growth factor, was involved in tumor progression by affecting the surrounding tumor stroma in some cancer types. However, the association of the PDGF family with the ovarian cancer stroma remains elusive. In our study, we first explored the expression pattern of the PDGF family using RNA expression profiles from public databases. We found that the PDGF family was highly expressed in tumor stroma compared with the corresponding epithelial components of ovarian cancer. In particular, PDGF receptors were weakly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with the respective normal tissues; even in tumor mass, PDGF receptors were predominantly expressed by tumor stroma rather than ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, functional enrichment analyses and correlation analyses revealed that the PDGF family was strongly associated with activated stromal scores in ovarian cancer, including higher stromal scores, enriched pathways related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and remodeling, elevated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration, and increased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration, especially macrophage M2. Besides, the positive correlations of the PDGF family with CAFs infiltration and macrophage M2 infiltration were observed in other various cancer types. Of note, the PDGF family was also involved in tumor progression-related pathways, such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling. Higher expressions of PDGF receptors were also observed in ovarian cancer patients with venous or lymphatic invasion. Furthermore, we uncovered the prognostic prediction of the PDGF family in ovarian cancer and constructed a PDGF family-based risk prognosis model with a hazard ratio of 1.932 ( 95 % confidence   interval   CI = 1.27 – 2.95 ) and P value < 0.01 ( AUC = 0.782 , 0.752 for 1 year and 2 years, respectively). Taken together, we demonstrated that ovarian cancers with high PDGF family expression biologically exhibit malignant progression behaviors as well as poor clinical survival, which is attributed to the activated tumor stroma in ovarian cancer.

Temporal Trends in Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence Among Females in Xiamen, China (2016-2023): Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary causative agent of cervical cancer, accounting for more than 90% of cases worldwide. Epidemiological data on regional HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are critical for tailoring targeted cervical cancer prevention strategies, particularly in regions with limited population-based studies. Objective This study aimed to investigate temporal trends in the prevalence of overall HPV infection and vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes among females in Xiamen between 2016 and 2023 using annual cross-sectional analyses. Methods We analyzed retrospective deidentified data from 63,553 females who underwent HPV genotyping of cervical exfoliated cells at Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University from 2016 to 2023. Data on HPV genotyping, age, and detection time were collected from the hospital’s electronic information system. For each year, we conducted a cross-sectional assessment of HPV infection status to calculate annual HPV prevalence. Temporal trends of HPV prevalence were analyzed across 3 pandemic periods (prepandemic: 2016‐2019, pandemic: 2020‐2022, and postpandemic: 2023) and by age groups. Results The overall HPV prevalence was 25.24% (16,039/63,553), comprising high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) at 19.26% (12,242/63,553) and low-risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) at 10.08% (6409/63,553). Vaccine-targeted HPV prevalence rates were bivalent human papillomavirus at 3.56% (2264/63,553), quadrivalent human papillomavirus at 5.89% (3746/63,553), and nine-valent human papillomavirus at 13.64% (8666/63,553), respectively. Notably, the number of non–vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes accounted for 16.01% (10,177/63,553) of all tested females and 63.45% (10,177/16,039) of HPV-positive cases. The top 5 HR-HPV genotypes were HPV52 (3000/63,553, 4.72%), HPV58 (1895/63,553, 2.98%), HPV53 (1582/63,553, 2.49%), HPV16 (1461/63,553, 2.30%), and HPV39 (1116/63,553, 1.76%), while HPV81 (1407/63,553, 2.21%), HPV61 (1268/63,553, 2%), and HPV6 (1101/63,553, 1.73%) were the most prevalent LR-HPV genotypes. Temporal analysis revealed significant declines in the prevalence of overall HPV, HR-HPV, LR-HPV, bivalent human papillomavirus, quadrivalent human papillomavirus, nine-valent human papillomavirus, and specific genotypes (HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV39, and HPV6) from 2016 to 2019 to 2023 (all P<.001). Conversely, HPV81 prevalence increased significantly in 2023 compared to 2020‐2022 (2.44% vs 1.96%; P<.001). Age-stratified analysis of HPV prevalence showed a significant declining trend with increasing age (P<.001), with peak prevalence observed in the ≤20-year age group. Conclusions Cervical HPV infection, particularly non–vaccine-targeted genotypes, remains a substantial public health burden in Xiamen, highlighting the urgency to develop broader spectrum vaccines, to enhance cervical cancer screening programs, and to implement age-specific interventions, specifically for females aged ≤20 years. Long-term surveillance of emerging HPV genotypes and vaccination coverage is recommended.