Awareness of HPV-related cancers and the HPV vaccination programme in Scotland: a cross-sectional study of gender, deprivation and knowledge gaps
Abstract
Background
Scotland’s human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme includes boys, yet awareness of male-associated cancers and eligibility remains unclear. Awareness may differ by gender and socioeconomic status, contributing to inequalities and declining uptake. This study assessed knowledge of HPV, HPV-related cancers and the vaccination programme.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey (n = 1052) was conducted in 2023. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression explored gender- and deprivation-related differences in awareness of HPV, HPV-related cancers and the vaccination programme.
Results
Overall, 80.6% had heard of HPV, with higher awareness among females (89.2%) than males (67.3%, P < .001) and in less deprived areas (88.8% vs. 79.8%, P = .004). Cervical cancer was recognized (78.9% females, 54.8% males), while awareness of non-cervical cancers was low, especially oropharyngeal (<10%). Fewer than half (48.9%) knew boys are included in Scotland’s programme. Vaccine awareness strongly predicted knowledge of male cancers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.41) and the boys’ programme (aOR = 10.67). Despite knowledge gaps, willingness to vaccinate children remained high (>92%).
Conclusions
Awareness of male HPV-related cancers and the boys’ vaccination programme remains limited, with gender and socioeconomic disparities. A ‘knowledge-action gap’ was evident, with support despite poor understanding. Targeted, inclusive education is needed to reduce inequalities and sustain confidence.
