Kevser Arkan

Does Retroperitoneal vNOTES Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Represent a Feasible Staging Option in Presumed Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer?

Background and Objectives: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is an established alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy for early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). While retroperitoneal vNOTES affords direct access to pelvic nodes without abdominal incisions, data regarding its oncologic validity remain sparse. This study evaluates the SLN detection rates, perioperative outcomes, and 12-month oncologic outcomes oncologic results of retroperitoneal vNOTES mapping in presumed early-stage EC. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study analyzed consecutive patients undergoing retroperitoneal vNOTES staging (hysterectomy, BSO, and SLN mapping) for presumed EC between February 2023 and January 2024. Eligible patients had radiologically uterine-confined disease and were candidates for transvaginal surgery. Following cervical methylene blue injection, SLN mapping was executed via the retroperitoneal vNOTES route. Mapped and suspicious nodes were excised, with side-specific lymphadenectomy performed for failed mapping per algorithm. While perioperative outcomes were assessed for the full cohort, oncologic analyses (FIGO 2023 staging, nodal metastasis) were restricted to patients with confirmed carcinoma. Results: Of 98 patients (median age 54; BMI 31 kg/m2), final pathology confirmed carcinoma in 78 (73 endometrioid, 5 serous) and EIN in 20. Bilateral SLN mapping succeeded in 87.8% (86/98), necessitating side-specific lymphadenectomy in the remaining 12.2%. The obturator fossa was the predominant nodal basin (43.9%). Within the carcinoma cohort (n = 78), 57.7% were Grade 1 and 74.4% FIGO Stage I. Nodal metastases (FIGO IIIC1) were identified in 12.8% (10/78), all prompting adjuvant therapy. At a median follow-up of 12 months, no disease recurrences were observed. The complication rate was 6.1% (5.1% Clavien–Dindo ≥ III), with no conversions required. At 12-month follow-up, no recurrences were detected, though the absence of systematic lymphadenectomy precluded formal sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Retroperitoneal vNOTES represents a feasible and safe strategy for SLN mapping in early-stage EC, demonstrating high bilateral detection with minimal morbidity. However, reliance on methylene blue and limited follow-up necessitate caution. Broader implementation requires validation through prospective, comparative trials utilizing indocyanine green and long-term oncologic surveillance.

Comparison of identification of sentinel lymph nodes between ICG vs methylene blue in v notes staging surgery for endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of indocyanine green and methylene blue in the marking and identification of sentinel lymph nodes during sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer undergoing staging surgery through vaginal natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. Methods In this retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary center, we analyzed 80 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic staging surgery. Patients were classified into two cohorts based on the tracer used for sentinel lymph node sentinel lymph node mapping: indocyanine green ( n  = 40) or methylene blue ( n  = 40). The primary endpoints, including sentinel lymph node detection rates (overall and bilateral) and number of nodes retrieved, along with surgical outcomes, were compared between the groups. Findings : Eighty patients (indocyanine green group, n  = 40; methylene blue group, n  = 40) were included in the study. The vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery identification rate was significantly higher in the indocyanine green group (95%) than in the methylene blue group (82.5%) ( p  = 0.045). The mean number of sentinel lymph nodes identified in the indocyanine green group (3.2 ± 1.1) was significantly higher than that in the methylene blue group (2.5 ± 0.9) ( p  = 0.021). The rate of bilateral vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery identification was higher in the indocyanine green group (80%) than in the methylene blue group (65%); however, the difference was not statistically significant ( p  = 0.112). Surgical time, blood loss, and complication rates were similar between the two groups. Histopathological examination revealed a similar number of positive sentinel lymph nodes in both the groups. Conclusion In the context of sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer, indocyanine green has demonstrated a superior sentinel lymph node identification rate and a higher yield of sentinel lymph nodes compared to methylene blue. Given the advantage of real-time imaging, indocyanine green has emerged as a promising agent for sentinel lymph node biopsy in minimally invasive approaches, such as vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

Folic acid versus folinic acid during methotrexate treatment for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

To evaluate and compare the treatment results of folinic acid (FA) and folic acid (F) added to the chemotherapy protocol to reduce the toxicity due to methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients. Patients treated for low-risk GTN at two reference centers between January 2000 and March 2023 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups, MTX/FA and MTX/F. Both groups received 50 mg/day MTX on days 1, 3, 5, 7 of treatment. On days 2, 4, 6, 8 of treatment 0.1 mg/kg folinic acid was administered to the MTX/FA group, and 20 mg/day folic acid was administered to the MTX/F group to reduce MTX toxicity. The groups were compared according to treatment success, resistance, and the development of toxicity. Among 102 low-risk GTN patients included in the study, 64.7% (n = 66) were in the MTX/FA, while the remaining 35.3% (n = 36) were in the MTX/F group. There was no significant difference between MTX/FA and MTX/F groups regarding treatment success, resistance, and toxicity rates (84.8%, 13.6%, 1.6% vs 83.3%, 13.8%, 2.7%), respectively. Replacement of folinic acid with folic acid in low-risk GTN patients to reduce the toxicity that may develop associated with MTX treatment resulted in similar treatment success rates. Still, no significant change was observed regarding toxicity and resistance. There is a need for comprehensive prospective studies to further elucidate this relationship.