Julia Chalif

Gram-positive targeting antibiotics are associated with progression and death in women with platinum-sensitive recurrent high grade epithelial ovarian cancer

Assessment of probiotic and prebiotic use in gynecologic cancer patients: a systematic review

To evaluate evidence on the impact of probiotics and prebiotics on clinical outcomes, treatment efficacy, quality of life, safety, and translational endpoints in patients with gynecologic cancers. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted in March 2023 and updated through September 2025. Gray literature sources (ClinicalTrials.gov, reference lists) were also reviewed. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and prospective interventional studies in women with gynecologic cancers (cervical, endometrial, ovarian, uterine, and vulvar) undergoing treatment. Interventions were probiotic, prebiotic, or dietary fiber supplementation. Eligible outcomes included treatment toxicity, stool consistency, quality of life, postoperative outcomes, oncologic outcomes, safety, and microbiome endpoints. Exclusions were retrospective studies, case reports, reviews, conference abstracts, and studies without cancer-related outcomes. Three independent reviewers screened studies using Covidence, with disagreements resolved by consensus or adjudication. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Due to heterogeneity in strains, dosing, and outcomes, structured narrative synthesis was conducted rather than meta-analysis. From 2308 screened records, 9 randomized controlled trials involving 663 patients were included. Seven studies evaluated probiotics and 2 assessed prebiotics/fiber. Most focused on radiation-induced toxicity in cervical (n=415) and endometrial cancer (n=170) patients. Probiotics significantly reduced incidence and severity of radiation-induced diarrhea, improved stool consistency, and decreased antidiarrheal use (P<.05). Prebiotics alone showed minimal benefit. One perioperative study found probiotics accelerated bowel recovery and reduced postoperative complications. Three translational studies showed probiotics reduced gut permeability but did not alter microbial composition. No trials examined chemotherapy or immunotherapy outcomes, progression-free survival, or overall survival. Adverse events were infrequent and no major safety concerns were identified. Probiotic supplementation demonstrates consistent benefit in reducing radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in gynecologic cancer patients, while prebiotics alone show limited efficacy. Evidence gaps include effects on chemotherapy, immunotherapy, oncologic outcomes, and survival. Heterogeneity in formulations limits clinical applicability, and standardized strain-specific trials are needed. Future research should evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes, optimize microbiome-directed interventions, and establish safety in immunocompromised populations.

The microbiome and gynecologic cancer: cellular mechanisms and clinical applications

Bridging the Gap from Bench to Bedside: A Call for In Vivo Preclinical Models to Advance Endometrial Cancer and Cervical Cancer Immuno-oncology Research

Abstract Advanced-stage endometrial and cervical cancers are associated with poor outcomes despite contemporary advances in surgical techniques and therapeutics. Recent clinical trial results have led to a shift in the treatment paradigm for both malignancies, in which immunotherapy is now incorporated as the standard of care up front for most patients with advanced endometrial and cervical cancers as the standard of care. Impressive response rates have been observed, but unfortunately, a subset of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy, and survival remains poor. Continued preclinical research and clinical trial development are crucial for our understanding of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy and maximization of therapeutic efficacy. In this setting, syngeneic models are preferred over xenograft models as they allow for the evaluation of the tumor–immune interaction in an immunocompetent host, most closely mimicking the tumor–immune interaction in patients with cancer. Unfortunately, significant disparities exist about syngeneic models in gynecologic malignancy, in which queries from multiple large bioscience companies confirm no commercial availability of endometrial or cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines. Published data exist about the recent development of several endometrial and cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines, warranting further investigation. Closing the disparity gap for preclinical models in endometrial and cervical cancers will support physician scientists, basic and translational researchers, and clinical trialists who are dedicated to improving outcomes for our patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis.