Hong He

Identification of tumour antigens and immune subtypes in the development of an anti‐cancer vaccine for endometrial carcinoma

AbstractTherapeutic application of vaccines to endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to identify potential tumour antigens for use in the development of an anti‐tumour mRNA vaccine and clarify immune subtypes and their characteristics for immunotherapeutic application in heterogeneous EC by integrating multi‐omics data. Importantly, four potential tumour antigen candidates—PGR, RBPJ, PARVG and MSX1—were identified and significantly correlated with better overall survival, disease‐free survival and distinct antigen‐presenting cell infiltration in EC. In addition, two different immune subtypes by consensus clustering analysis of the immune‐related genes were identified. Patients with C2 immunophenotypes exhibited superior survival outcomes and ‘hot’ immunoreactivity and harboured higher microsatellite instability scores and tumoral mutation burden but lower copy‐number variation burden. Furthermore, the distinct expression of immunogenic cell death modulators and differential microenvironmental characteristics of immune‐cell infiltration were also revealed between C1 and C2 immune‐subtype tumours. Enrichment analysis of the co‐expression of immune‐related genes showed enrichment in immune response, immune cell‐mediated immunity and antigen processing pathways. These results indicated that these identified tumour antigens can be used for developing antitumour mRNA vaccines, and tumours with C2 immunophenotypic characteristics demonstrated sensitivity and susceptibility to immunotherapy in EC.

Trends in incidence and mortality for ovarian cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its forecasted levels in 30 years

Abstract Background The specific long-term trend in ovarian cancer (OC) rates in China has been rarely investigated. We aimed to estimate the temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 in OC and predict the next 30-year levels. Data on the incidence, mortality rates, and the number of new cases and deaths cases due to OC in the China cohort from 1990 to 2019 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates were evaluated by joinpoint regression models. The incidence and mortality rates and the estimated number of cases from 2020 to 2049 were predicted using the Bayesian age–period–cohort model. Results Consecutive increasing trends in age-standardized incidence (average annual percent change [AAPC] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90–2.16; p < 0.001) and mortality (AAPC = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38−1.78; p < 0.001) rates in OC were observed from 1990–2019 in China. Theoretically, both the estimated age-standardized (per 100,000 women) incidence (from 4.77 in 2019 to 8.95 in 2049) and mortality (from 2.88 in 2019 to 4.03 in 2049) rates will continue to increase substantially in the coming 30 years. And the estimated number of new cases of, and deaths from OC will increase by more than 3 times between 2019 and 2049. Conclusions The disease burden of OC in incidence and mortality has been increasing in China over the past 30 years and will be predicted to increase continuously in the coming three decades.