Hamid Salehiniya

The Role of CA‐125 in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACTBackgroundOvarian cancer is frequently occurring and fatal for women. CA‐125 is important in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer. This review study was conducted to explore the influence of CA‐125 in addressing ovarian cancer.MethodsTo investigate the role of CA‐125 in ovarian cancer, we conducted a comprehensive search for high‐quality articles in the Medline, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases using the keywords “ovarian cancer,” “ovarian carcinoma,” “ovarian neoplasms,” and “CA‐125” from the 2000 to 2024. We included full‐text, peer‐reviewed articles in English with relevant keywords published since 2000. We excluded case reports, commentaries, letters to the editor, books, case series, systematic reviews, animal studies, and articles that were not accessible in full text.ResultsAfter screening the 7947 records, 88 studies were included in this review. In the literature review, it was found that researchers utilized CA‐125 for diagnosing ovarian cancer, its predicting, evaluating treatment response, assessing ovarian cancer survival, and early detection of recurrence. In some cases, researchers employed additional tumor markers alongside CA‐125 to enhance the test's sensitivity.ConclusionCA‐125 has become a pivotal marker for ovarian cancer. Its role in the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing assessment of ovarian cancer cannot be overstated. Continuous monitoring of CA‐125 levels can provide comprehensive insights, and categorizing patients as low‐risk or high‐risk based on CA‐125 levels could lead to better outcomes. Integrating CA‐125 with other biomarkers may enhance the accuracy of the test and elevate its relevance in patient care.

Global, regional and national burden, incidence, and mortality of cervical cancer

AbstractAimAmong gynecological cancers, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related death in developing countries. This study analyzes the incidence, mortality, and burden of cervical cancer using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.Materials and MethodsThe GBD (2019) data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. Age‐standardized rate (ASR) incidence, deaths, lost years of life (YLLs), years of life with disabilities (YLDs), and adjusted years of life with disabilities (DALYs) of cervical cancer in women were extracted. Data were extracted globally for 204 countries and groups based on a socio‐demographic index (SDI), World Health Organization (WHO) regions, continents, World Bank regions, and 22 GBD regions.ResultsThe higher standardized age incidence of cervical cancer is in lower SDI countries, Africa, the African region (According to the WHO), and Sub‐Saharan Africa (According to GBD regions). The highest deaths of ASR is in countries with low SDI, low‐income group, Africa, the African region (According to the World Health Organization), and Sub‐Saharan Africa (According to GBD regions). According to SDI classification, the highest DALYs ASR is in low SDI countries, World Bank Low‐income countries, African and then American continents, African region, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and then Latin America & Caribbean‐WB (Based on GBD regions).ConclusionIn 2019, incidence, mortality, and DALYs of cervical cancer mostly affected countries with lower socioeconomic status. Given that cervical cancer is highly preventable, access to screening services and the presence of trained and knowledgeable health care staff can reduce illness, suffering, and death caused by this malignancy. It is recommended to use the national and international potentials to reduce the incidence of this malignancy.

Screening for Early Cervical Cancer Detection

This study is to audit results and adherence to Cervical Screening program before and after the implementing awareness of the WHO guidelines of screening among the multidisciplinary healthcare workers and patients.