Francesco Padula

One Hundred Years of Colposcopy: Reconciling Its Auschwitz Past

The centennial anniversary of Hans Hinselmann's initial publication describing colposcopy is approaching. In the 100 years since the inventor's seminal paper, colposcopy has become indispensable in the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer. It remains central in diagnosing precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions and has dramatically reduced cervical cancer incidence and mortality since the mid-20th century. Previous descriptions of colposcopy's development in medical literature obscure the dark history of its earliest days, arising within the center of German Nazism. The pioneers of colposcopy benefited from the Nazi government's public health focus and exploited the environment fostered by the Nazi medical establishment. They made use of the apparatus of the Auschwitz concentration camp to position colposcopy for expanded postwar adoption, ultimately accomplishing Hinselmann's stated goal that colposcopy become a routine part of gynecologic examination and care. This historical exposition clarifies the Nazi past of colposcopy, highlights the important role that unethical treatment of victims of Auschwitz played in cementing this procedure within standard cervical cancer screening programs globally, and offers steps to reckon with this tragic legacy.