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The impact of mismatch repair (MMR), p53, and LCAM-1 immunohistochemical expression on prognosis in low-risk endometrial cancer

To investigate the relationship between mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, TP53, and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) immunohistochemical staining and their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in low-risk endometrial cancer. A total of 253 low-risk endometrial cancer patients were retrospectively screened. Immunohistochemical stains were applied to tumor tissue samples to assess MMR deficiency, TP53, and L1CAM expression, and survival analysis were performed. The expected PFS time was 78.6 months for the MMR-proficient group and 70.3 months for the MMR-deficient group (p = 0.011). OS was 71.6 months for the MMR-proficient group and 68.2 months for the MMR-deficient group (p = 0.755). L1CAM overexpression was associated with a poorer PFS, 62.7 months compared to 77.7 months (p = 0.039). However, there was no statistically significant difference in OS, 58.5 months versus 72.1 months, respectively (p = 0.242). p53 abnormal (p53-abn) staining was associated with a worse prognosis in terms of PFS, 62.8 months versus 77.7 months (p = 0.035), and OS, 43.4 months versus 73 months, respectively (p < 0.001), compared to patients with wild-type staining. No significant statistical relationship was observed in survival times concerning tumor diameter, grade, and lymphadenectomy status. In a multivariate analysis, MMR deficiency emerged as an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS, while p53-abn was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for OS. p53-abn staining was associated with a poor prognosis for both PFS and OS in low-risk endometrial cancer patients. Meanwhile, MMR deficiency and L1CAM positivity were found to be associated solely with a poorer prognosis for PFS.