Carlos Anselmo Lima

Tendência secular de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil e regiões

Resumo O objetivo foi descrever a tendência secular de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil e regiões de 1980 a 2021. Estudo populacional e ecológico a partir dos dados disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio dos códigos 180 e C53. Taxas brutas, específicas por idade e padronizadas por idade foram calculadas pela população brasileira e mundial. A average annual percent change (AAPC) foi obtida pela análise de tendência através do Joinpoint Regression Program, com nível de significância de 0,05 e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Ocorreram 171.793 mil mortes por câncer do colo do útero. No Brasil (AAPC -0,3; IC95% -1,0; 0,4), Norte (AAPC 0,6; IC95% -0,1; 1,3) e Sul (AAPC 0,0; IC95% -0,5; 0,5) as tendências foram estacionárias, no Nordeste (AAPC 0,6; IC95% 0,3; 0,8) foi crescente, e no Centro-Oeste (AAPC -1,3; IC95% -1,5; -1,1) e no Sudeste (AAPC -0,9; IC95% -1,4; -0,5), decrescentes. As diferenças regionais mostram que as políticas públicas precisam ser melhoradas no que concerne ao acesso das mulheres a um sistema de saúde que ofereça prevenção, rastreamento e tratamento adequados, por meio de estratégias de gestão que alcancem a população mais vulnerável.

Trends in cervical cancer and its precursor forms to evaluate screening policies in a mid-sized Northeastern Brazilian city

Cervical cancer is a health issue that disproportionately affects developing countries, where the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) remains an important screening tool. Brazilian government recommendations have focused screening on the female population aged from 25 to 64 years old. In this study, we examined the incidence and mortality rates of invasive cervical cancer lesions and the incidence rates of in situ precancerous cervical lesions, aiming to calculate their respective statistics over time in a mid-sized Brazilian city, Aracaju. The 1996-2015 database from the Aracaju Cancer Registry and Mortality Information System was used to calculate age standardized rates for all invasive cervical tumors (International code of diseases, ICD-10: C53) and preinvasive cervical lesions (ICD-10: D06) in the following patient age ranges; ≤ 24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and ≥ 65 years old. We identified 1,030 cancer cases, 1,871 in situ lesions and 334 deaths. Using the Joinpoint Regression Program, we calculated the annual percentage incidence changes and our analyses show that cervical cancer incidence decreased up to 2008, increased up to 2012 and decreased again thereafter, a significant trend in all age groups from 25 years. The incidence of precursor lesions increased from 1996 to 2005 and has since decreased, a result significant in all age groups until 64 years. Cervical cancer mortality has decreased by 3.8% annually and trend analysis indicates that Pap smears have been effective in decreasing cancer incidence and mortality. However, recent trends shown here show a decreasing incidence of in situ lesions and may indicate either a real decrease or incomplete catchment. Thus, we suggest health policies should be re-considered and include sufficient screening and HPV vaccination strategies to avoid cervical cancer resurgence in the population.